Senate Rule XIV Procedure for Placing Measures Directly on the Senate Calendar – RS22309

When a Senator introduces a bill or joint resolution, or a House-passed b ... http://p.ost.im/rV6tgu

Bypassing Senate Committees: Rule XIV and Unanimous Consent – RS22299

Most bills and joint resolutions introduced in the Senate, and many House ... http://p.ost.im/r42XbP

Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements – RS22867

Earmark disclosure rules in both the House and Senate establish certain a ... http://p.ost.im/rXyQ8Y

Transportation Conformity Under the Clean Air Act – R44050

Under the Clean Air Act, areas that have not attained one or more of the ... http://p.ost.im/r4y4E5

Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director – RL31880

The requirements regarding the appointment and tenure of the CBO director ... http://p.ost.im/r4tK9E

Legal Services Corporation: Background and Funding – RL34016

The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a private, nonprofit, federally f ... http://p.ost.im/rqwEbU

Agricultural Disaster Assistance – RS21212

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers several programs to help ... http://p.ost.im/rqNEXe

Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities – RL34273

The federal government owns roughly 640 million acres, heavily concentrat ... http://p.ost.im/rqLTns

Invasive Species: Issues in Brief – R44049

For the first few centuries after the arrival of Europeans in North Ameri ... http://p.ost.im/r4EJFU

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 113th Congress – R44043

The President makes appointments to certain positions within the federal ... http://p.ost.im/rV3GPm

Selected Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 114th Congress – R44041

In 2001, in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11th, homeland ... http://p.ost.im/r4mMGn

ARPA-E and the FY2016 Budget Request – R43986

The Advanced Research Projects AgencyEnergy, or ARPA-E, was established t ... http://p.ost.im/rXbeE8

Defense Spending and the Budget Control Act Limits – R44039

Enacted on August 1, 2011, the Budget Control Act (BCA) as amended (P.L. ... http://p.ost.im/r4SFAD

Overview of Constitutional Challenges to NSA Collection Activities – R43459

Beginning in summer 2013, media reports of foreign intelligence activitie ... http://p.ost.im/rX5eNV

Government Collection of Private Information: Background and Issues Related to the USA PATRIOT Act Reauthorization in Brief – R44042

This is an abbreviated version of an earlier report, CRS Report R40980, G ... http://p.ost.im/r4vFYe

In Brief: Options to Help Meet a Congressional Requirement for Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production – R44047

A pit is the plutonium core of a thermonuclear weapon. Imploding it with ... http://p.ost.im/rXynTW

U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Security – R43014

International trade is a critical component of the U.S. economy, with U.S ... http://p.ost.im/rX7FBE

Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies – R41981

The principles of disaster management assume a leadership role by the loc ... http://p.ost.im/rXcgmR

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies – 98-446

This list of about 200 congressional liaison offices is intended to help ... http://p.ost.im/rV6Hsr

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Waiver Authority and Modification of Volumes – R44045

Federal law requires that transportation fuels contain a minimum amount o ... http://p.ost.im/rVguRJ

Stored Communications Act: Reform of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) – R44036

In 1986, Congress enacted the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA ... http://p.ost.im/r4f6Rm

Indian Health Service FY2016 Budget Request and Funding History: Fact Sheet – R44040

The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Department of Health and Human ... http://p.ost.im/rXf9yD

Insurance Regulation: Background, Overview, and Legislation in the 114th Congress – R44046

The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance since ... http://p.ost.im/rCmEBY

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress – R41153

The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities ... http://p.ost.im/r4xTMS

Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress – R43926

Cuba remains a one-party communist state with a poor record on human righ ... http://p.ost.im/rXgxT5

El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations – R43616

Congress has long maintained interest in El Salvador, a small Central Ame ... http://p.ost.im/rVgTje

International Investment Agreements (IIAs): Frequently Asked Questions – R44015

In recent decades, the United States has entered into binding investment ... http://p.ost.im/rQ2fsH

Consumers and Food Price Inflation – R40545

The heightened price volatility of global commodity markets in 2008, the ... http://p.ost.im/rxQxXT

United Nations Reform: Background and Issues for Congress – RL33848

Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations (U.N.) has undergone ... http://p.ost.im/rCWTjN

Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production: Options to Help Meet a Congressional Requirement – R44033

A pit is the plutonium core of a thermonuclear weapon. Imploding it with ... http://p.ost.im/r9GexT

Pakistan-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 114th Congress – R44034

Congress has taken keen interest in U.S. relations with Pakistan, especia ... http://p.ost.im/r96Tpb

Iran Sanctions – RS20871

International sanctions on Irans key energy and financial sectors harmed ... http://p.ost.im/rCdq8n

Genomic Data and Privacy: Background and Relevant Law – R44026

Advances in genomics technology and information technology infrastructure ... http://p.ost.im/rQvFGa

The Future of Internet Governance: Should the U.S. Relinquish Its Authority Over ICANN? – R44022

Currently, the U.S. government retains limited authority over the Interne ... http://p.ost.im/rCJW8d

The Wetlands Coverage of the Clean Water Act (CWA): Rapanos and Beyond – RL33263

In 1985 and 2001, the Supreme Court grappled with issues as to the geogra ... http://p.ost.im/rHvLbS

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Functions and Funding – R44038

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an agency within the D ... http://p.ost.im/rQDqyP

Child Support Enforcement: Program Basics – RS22380

The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program was enacted in 1975 as a fede ... http://p.ost.im/rxTmYp

The 2015 National Security Strategy: Authorities, Changes, Issues for Congress – R44023

The Obama Administration released a new National Security Strategy (NSS) ... http://p.ost.im/rx3Jrq

The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) Program – R44028

Congress created the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (R ... http://p.ost.im/r9pJAu

Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs – RS20301

In 2013, U.S. teen births accounted for 7.0% of all births and 15.4% of a ... http://p.ost.im/rxFaLU

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements – RL33865

Arms control and nonproliferation efforts are two of the tools that have ... http://p.ost.im/rCeM3a

Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief – R44037

The United States and the Kingdom of Cambodia have been strengthening bil ... http://p.ost.im/rxupDB

Legislative Branch: FY2016 Appropriations – R44029

The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senat ... http://p.ost.im/rQNdM6

FY2016 Appropriations: District of Columbia – R44030

On February 2, 2015, the Obama Administration released its budget request ... http://p.ost.im/rQWeaD

“Regulatory Relief” for Banking: Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress – R44035

The 114th Congress is considering legislation to provide regulatory relie ... http://p.ost.im/rxn2nq

Proposed Amendments to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) in the 114th Congress: S. 697, S. 725, and a House Discussion Draft – R44024

Enacted in 1976, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is the primary f ... http://p.ost.im/r9QEbg

Tracking Federal Funds: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources – R44027

Finding data on federal grants and contracts awarded to states and congre ... http://p.ost.im/rCYJPB

ESEA Reauthorization Proposals in the 114th Congress: Selected Key Issues – R43916

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was last comprehensivel ... http://p.ost.im/rHsvRv

Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile – R43869

This report presents a profile of the membership of the 114th Congress (2 ... http://p.ost.im/rQ9xBX

Perspectives on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) Study and Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: In Brief – R43906

Much of the discussion and debate following the December release of the S ... http://p.ost.im/rxGuR4

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2016 Budget and Appropriations – R43901

On February 2, 2015, the Obama Administration submitted to Congress its b ... http://p.ost.im/rQgcjE

Clean Air Issues in the 114th Congress: An Overview – R43851

Oversight of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory actions has ... http://p.ost.im/rX6nQd

EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed “Waters of the United States” Rule: Congressional Response and Options – R43943

In April 2014, the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and the Environmen ... http://p.ost.im/rx6x8E

State Challenges to Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law: Historical Precedents and Pending Litigation in Texas v. United States – R43839

States and localities can have significant interest in the manner and ext ... http://p.ost.im/r9wNKa

The America COMPETES Acts: An Overview – R43880

Scientific and technological advancement played a central role in ensurin ... http://p.ost.im/rQ9KRU

House Committee Funding: Description of Process and Analysis of Disbursements – R42778

Funding for House committees (except for the Committee on Appropriations) ... http://p.ost.im/rQVD4h

The Student Non-Discrimination Act (SNDA): A Legal Analysis – R42652

Introduced in each of the last several congressional sessions, the Studen ... http://p.ost.im/rQwE56

Individual Mandate under ACA – R41331

Since 2014, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111 ... http://p.ost.im/rQm3Ts

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents – R43317

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities challenge governments, businesses, and indi ... http://p.ost.im/rxCw5M

Contracting with Inverted Domestic Corporations: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions – R43780

Recent reports that certain entities continued to receive federal governm ... http://p.ost.im/rQ8ddK

Employment for Veterans: Trends and Programs – R42790

Veterans employment outcomes in the civilian labor market are an issue of ... http://p.ost.im/rxnLkA

Senate Committee Funding: Description of Process and Analysis of Disbursements – R43160

Funding for Senate committees (except for the Committee on Appropriations ... http://p.ost.im/rCcaw8

U.S. Global Health Assistance: FY2001-FY2016 – R43115

Congressional support for global health programs has remained strong for ... http://p.ost.im/rQbUnd

Deployable Federal Assets Supporting Domestic Disaster Response Operations: Summary and Considerations for Congress – R43560

For most disasters across the nation, the affected local, state, or triba ... http://p.ost.im/rC2Hgc

Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act – R43289

Congress remains deeply divided over implementation of the Patient Protec ... http://p.ost.im/r98fRf

U.S. Grain Standards Act: Potential Reauthorization in the 114th Congress – R43803

Under the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA) of 1916, the federal ... http://p.ost.im/r97v6p

Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation – R43480

Congress has at times expressed concern regarding ballistic missile and n ... http://p.ost.im/rCyq7W

Human-Induced Earthquakes from Deep-Well Injection: A Brief Overview – R43836

The development of unconventional oil and natural gas resources using hor ... http://p.ost.im/rXJ6yw

Appropriations and Fund Transfers in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) – R41301

Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Afforda ... http://p.ost.im/rQbJwV

Iran’s Nuclear Program: Tehran’s Compliance with International Obligations – R40094

The U.N. Security Council has required Iran to cooperate fully with the I ... http://p.ost.im/r9TMTp

Consumers and Food Price Inflation – R40545

The heightened price volatility of global commodity markets in 2008, the ... http://p.ost.im/r9nRUj

Preserving Homeownership: Foreclosure Prevention Initiatives – R40210

The home mortgage foreclosure rate began to rise rapidly in the United St ... http://p.ost.im/rHxj6e

Congressional Franking Privilege: Background and Recent Legislation – RS22771

The congressional franking privilege, which dates from 1775, allows Membe ... http://p.ost.im/rHDdWx

Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy – RS21513

Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region ... http://p.ost.im/rACRvT

“The Expanding Cyber Threat” – T-012715

Chairwoman Comstock, Ranking Member Johnson, and distinguished Members of ... http://p.ost.im/ruuPkH

Title X (Public Health Service Act) Family Planning Program – RL33644

The federal government provides grants for voluntary family planning serv ... http://p.ost.im/rHHcnY

Iran’s Foreign Policy – R44017

Irans foreign policy is product of many (and sometimes conflicting) facto ... http://p.ost.im/rmkgpU

The Future of Internet Governance: Should the U.S. Relinquish Its Authority Over ICANN? – R44022

Currently, the U.S. government retains limited authority over the Interne ... http://p.ost.im/rSmGq3

“Does Administrative Amnesty Harm our Efforts to Gain and Maintain Operational Control of the Border?” – T-100411

Chairman Miller, Ranking Member Cuellar, and members of the House Homelan ... http://p.ost.im/rfFuGq

United States Senate Fiscal 2015 Budget Request – T-040814

Madam Chair, Senator Hoeven, and Members of the Subcommittee: It is a p ... http://p.ost.im/ryLfNj

Franking Privilege: Mass Mailings and Mass Communications in the House, 1997-2014 – RL34458

Despite significant reductions in congressional mail postage costs over t ... http://p.ost.im/rmrPRK

International Air Service Controversies: Frequently Asked Questions – R44016

Open skies agreements are a form of international civil air service agree ... http://p.ost.im/rudkVN

U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement – RL33192

Negotiated by the Reagan Administration nearly 30 years ago, the current ... http://p.ost.im/rUstcR

The Help America Vote Act and Election Administration: Overview and Issues – RS20898

The deadlocked November 2000 presidential election focused national atten ... http://p.ost.im/rDN87Q

In-Country Refugee Processing: In Brief – R44020

The Obama Administration has established a new refugee program for certai ... http://p.ost.im/runnvV

Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of H.R. 1735, the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2016 – R44019

Following are selected highlights of H.R. 1735, the National Defense Auth ... http://p.ost.im/rDnLxY

“Water as a Geopolitical Threat” – T-011614

Chairman Rohrabacher, Ranking Member Keating, other distinguished Members ... http://p.ost.im/ru8AL4

Burundi’s Electoral Crisis: In Brief – R44018

Widespread opposition to Burundian President Pierre Nkurunzizas decision ... http://p.ost.im/ryx4wv

Federal Grand Juries: The Law in a Nutshell – RS20214

The federal grand jury exists to investigate crimes against the United St ... http://p.ost.im/rA9K43

S.132, the New Columbia Admissions Act – T-091514

Chairman Carper, Ranking Member Coburn, and members of the Committee: M ... http://p.ost.im/raxNVC

What’s the Difference? — Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data – RS22640

The size of the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China has been and cont ... http://p.ost.im/rybcqR

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions – R43491

Legislation to reauthorize Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), sometimes cal ... http://p.ost.im/rmBJWG

Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress – R42351

The Internet is often described as a network of networks because it is no ... http://p.ost.im/raKQ9U

Youth and the Labor Force: Background and Trends – R42519

Congress has indicated a strong interest in ensuring that todays young pe ... http://p.ost.im/rDp7Qe

Maternal and Infant Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program: Background and Funding – R43930

The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) ... http://p.ost.im/rUAD2V

Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic – R42507

This report provides references to analytical reports on cybersecurity fr ... http://p.ost.im/ruqJ4q

Current Debates over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress – R43242

Exchange rates are among the most important prices in the global economy. ... http://p.ost.im/rf3Xtp

Older Americans Act: Background and Overview – R43414

Originally enacted in 1965, the Older Americans Act (OAA) supports a wide ... http://p.ost.im/ryNRst

School Meals Programs and Other USDA Child Nutrition Programs: A Primer – R43783

Child nutrition programs is an overarching term used to describe the U.S. ... http://p.ost.im/rDtQub

The First Responder Network (FirstNet) and Next-Generation Communications for Public Safety: Issues for Congress – R42543

Congress included provisions in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creat ... http://p.ost.im/rUYpAy

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 114th Congress – R43923

Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) t ... http://p.ost.im/ryShqG

The America COMPETES Acts: An Overview – R43880

Scientific and technological advancement played a central role in ensurin ... http://p.ost.im/rUGx7d

A Fact Sheet on Post-Acute Care Payment System Reform Efforts – M-061013

At your request, this memorandum contains an overview of payment system r ... http://p.ost.im/rAppCM

Funding History for the World Trade Center Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program – M-062510

Per your request, this memorandum provides a funding history for the Worl ... http://p.ost.im/rDwRn6

Selected Health-Related Expiring Provisions, 1st Session of the 113th Congress – M-062413

Among the duties of the Congressional Research Service, as specified in 2 ... http://p.ost.im/rfvSBK

Presidential Permitting of Border Crossing Energy Facilities – M-081613

You asked us to provide information and analysis responsive to various qu ... http://p.ost.im/ru3w2H

Historical Role of the Federal Government in Catastrophic Disasters – M-102207

Per your request, I have prepared this memorandum providing information o ... http://p.ost.im/ruDdxn

Budget Process Considerations Associated with the Immigration Examinations Fee Account, 8 U.S.C. 1356(m) and (n) – M-120814

This memorandum responds to your request for a brief explanation of the b ... http://p.ost.im/rH6Vhu

Vulnerable Youth: Employment and Job Training Programs – R40929

In an increasingly global economy, and with retirement underway for the B ... http://p.ost.im/ruvegR

Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate – R40616

As congressional policymakers continue to debate telecommunications refor ... http://p.ost.im/rytnHE

RMP Facilities in the United States as of December 2014 – M-120314

This memorandum responds to your request regarding facilities that submit ... http://p.ost.im/rDmMmF

U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond – R41349

Violence perpetrated by a range of criminal groups continues to threaten ... http://p.ost.im/rDynDr

Discussion of Tax Reform That Cuts the Top Income Tax Rate to 28% – M-100512

This memorandum responds to your request for a discussion of the effect o ... http://p.ost.im/ryFCY5

Evaluating Whether the HHS Information Memorandum Regarding Section 1115 Waivers for State TANF Programs is a Rule Under the Congressional Review Act – M-091212

This memorandum responds to your question about the Information Memorandu ... http://p.ost.im/rPpnnK

Federal Agency Actions Following the Supreme Court’s Climate Change Decision in Massachusetts v. EPA: A Chronology – R41103

In 2007, the Supreme Court rendered one of its most important environment ... http://p.ost.im/rHeVgt

Medicare and Medicaid Expiring Provisions, 1st Session of the 113th Congress – M-053113

Among the duties of the Congressional Research Service, as specified in 2 ... http://p.ost.im/rfd3qb

EPA Grants to Members of Selected EPA Advisory Committees – M-082712

This memorandum responds to your request for information about current an ... http://p.ost.im/rHehWJ

High Risk Pools Under PPACA and the Coverage of Elective Abortion Service – M-082310

This memorandum responds to your request concerning the temporary high ri ... http://p.ost.im/ruF4Wj

Legal Analysis of Availability of Premium Tax Credits in State and Federally Created Exchanges Pursuant to the Affordable Care Act – M-072312-B

This memorandum analyzes whether premium tax credits available to certain ... http://p.ost.im/rHk8s6

Explanation and Illustration of the Johnson-Crapo GSE Reform Proposal – M-040714

This memorandum was prepared to enable distribution to more than one cong ... http://p.ost.im/rUwrCJ

Revenue Estimate Request – M-052314

This memorandum is in response to your request for revenue estimates of t ... http://p.ost.im/rA5GBp

Distribution of Medicare Advantage and Medicare Fee-for-Service Enrollment for Beneficiaries in the Community by Race/Ethnicity and Income – M-050214

You requested a memorandum that compared the distribution of enrollment i ... http://p.ost.im/rU4UYV

The Student Loan Refinancing Act: Calculation Showing Changes in Loan Payment Amounts for the Borrower Case – M-050614

This memorandum presents calculations showing how the amounts paid by bor ... http://p.ost.im/ry6NBu

Retroactive Advance Premium Tax Credits Under February 27, 2014, CCIIO Bulletin – M-031414

This memorandum responds to your request for a legal analysis of a Februa ... http://p.ost.im/rmNACd

EPA Grants to Members of Selected EPA Advisory Committees – M-031213

This memorandum responds to your request for information about current an ... http://p.ost.im/rUNDvF

Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy – 95-1013

An uprising against Bahrains Al Khalifa royal family that began on Februa ... http://p.ost.im/rfKSYQ

Funding of Risk Corridor Payments Under ACA § 1342 – M-012314

This memorandum responds to your request for an analysis of the following ... http://p.ost.im/rDRrkk

Tax Policy and Gasoline Prices – M-030811

This memorandum is written in response to your request for an analysis of ... http://p.ost.im/ram2bL

Answers to Questions on P.L. 111-347, the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 – M-012011

This memorandum provides answers to the questions on P.L. 111-347, the Ja ... http://p.ost.im/rUy76w

The Federal Grand Jury – 95-1135

The federal grand jury exists to investigate crimes against the United St ... http://p.ost.im/rDqRcL

New Abortion Law Prohibits “Dismemberment Abortions” – NB201504176

A Kansas bill that prohibits the performance of dismemberment abortions w ... http://p.ost.im/rrbTAj

Supreme Court Again Considers Required Accommodations for Religious Beliefs in the Workplace – NB201504177

While the landmark 2014 decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. p ... http://p.ost.im/rhKTAA

Yates v. U.S.: Plain Text v. Context – NB201503173

A May 2014 Legal Sidebar opened with a question: Can a foot-and-a-half lo ... http://p.ost.im/rrv2rL

Separating Power Series: Presidential Influence v. Control Over Independent Agencies Continued – NB201503169

As described in the prior Sidebar, existing statutory provisions generall ... http://p.ost.im/rrQEQy

“Not a Couple of Bad Apples” – FDA Approves Genetically Engineered Apples and Potatoes – NB201504178

On March 20, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) completed its ev ... http://p.ost.im/rSxWJQ

The “M” in MBank is Not for “Marijuana” – NB201504181

In mid-January, MBank, a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-ins ... http://p.ost.im/rhs28y

Appeals Court Affirms Dismissal of Challenge to 2012 Deferred Action Program – NB201504174

Yesterday, April 7, 2015, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fi ... http://p.ost.im/rhH4fy

Retroactivity of LWOP Sentencing for Juvenile Offenders Still in Flux – NB201503168

Tate was a juvenile convicted of second degree murder. He was sentenced t ... http://p.ost.im/rSVUJ5

The EPA and Army Corps’ Proposed Redefinition of “Waters of the United States”: Legal Background – NB201503172

From its earliest days, Congress grappled with how far geographically to ... http://p.ost.im/rBLVkG

Cybersecurity Doesn’t Trump National Interest in Labor Certifications – NB201504175

The national interest is not harmed by requiring an immigrant seeking wor ... http://p.ost.im/rhsJwb

Proposed Legislation Would Amend “Nonmanufacturer Rule” in Response to Rotech Decision – NB201504179

Among the provisions in the procurement reform legislation introduced in ... http://p.ost.im/rrHF59

Supreme Court Sends Pregnancy Discrimination Case Back to Lower Court – NB201503171

In a highly anticipated ruling in Young v. United Parcel Service, the Sup ... http://p.ost.im/rAk2DQ

Another Year, Another Hobby Lobby? Challenges to the Contraceptive Coverage Requirement by Religious Nonprofits Continue Winding Through the Courts – NB201504174

Leading to speculation that another significant Affordable Care Act (ACA) ... http://p.ost.im/rrnD34

Supreme Court Rules: Incorrect Standards Used in Upholding Alabama Redistricting Map Against Claim of Unconstitutional Racial Gerrymandering – NB201504180

The U.S. Supreme Court decided on March 25 that a lower court applied inc ... http://p.ost.im/rSCtXt

Rail Safety Efforts Miss Leading Cause of Fatalities – IN10257

As it debates reauthorization of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 ... http://p.ost.im/rhrj7H

H.R. 2: What Happens If the “Doc Fix” Expires Without New Legislation? – IN10255

On March 26, 2015, the House passed the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthor ... http://p.ost.im/rrcRV2

Israel After the 2015 Elections: What Does Netanyahu’s Victory Mean for U.S. Policy? – IN10251

"The Israeli Knesset elections held on March 17, 2015, were a subject of ... http://p.ost.im/rhQj7L

Will the Lawful Collection of Genetic Information as Part of an Employer Wellness Program Remain Voluntary? – IN10253

"Since the passage of health reform, which encouraged use of wellness pro ... http://p.ost.im/rksKA8

The State of Federal Recordkeeping: Emails and Private Communication Devices – IN10254

"The use of private communications devices and computer servers by execut ... http://p.ost.im/rh9ggW

Queen-of-the-Hill and Amendments to the FY16 Budget Resolution in the House – IN10252

"A resolution reported by the House Rules Committee can be used to regula ... http://p.ost.im/rr9sUa

Draft Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement Reached in Burma – IN10256

Burma has endured more than six decades of low-grade civil war since its ... http://p.ost.im/rhDDYK

OSHA’s Proposed Crystalline Silica Standards – IN10258

On September 12, 2013, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ... http://p.ost.im/rSgaxj

Attribution in Cyberspace: Challenges for U.S. Law Enforcement – IN10259

Who did it? Attribution, some may argue, is a challenge "as old as crime ... http://p.ost.im/rS59sg

CHIP Extension in Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) Bill – IN10247

FY2015 is the final year for which federal funding for the State Children ... http://p.ost.im/rAhXjd

Overview of EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” – IF10125

In April 2014, the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and the Environmen ... http://p.ost.im/rr62X6

Cuba: President Obama’s New Policy Approach – IF10045

On December 17, 2014, President Obama announced major developments in U.S ... http://p.ost.im/rS4gDr

U.S. International Food Aid Programs – IF10194

For over six decades, the United States has played a leading role in glob ... http://p.ost.im/rM3A7R

Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Al Murabitoun – IF10172

AQIM was formed when the Algerian Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat ... http://p.ost.im/rkbxBB

Army Corps of Engineers: FY2016 Appropriations – IF10176

The Energy and Water Development bill provides funding for the civil prog ... http://p.ost.im/rBctxh

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – IF10154

On October 24, 2014, China launched a new development bank, the Asian Inf ... http://p.ost.im/rr49ud

California Drought: Water Supply and Conveyance Issues – IF10133

More than 93% of the state of California is experiencing severe drought, ... http://p.ost.im/rkcnHJ

Ansar al Sharia in Tunisia and the Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade – IF10171

Ansar al Sharia in Tunisia (AAS-T) was founded in 2011, after the popular ... http://p.ost.im/rBHqcW

International Trade Agreements and Job Estimates – IF10161

The Obama Administration currently is negotiating two comprehensive and h ... http://p.ost.im/rBr3Fn

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – IF10154

On October 24, 2014, China launched a new development bank, the Asian Inf ... http://p.ost.im/rk3rwR

U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues – IF10156

Congress plays a major role in U.S. trade policy through its legislative ... http://p.ost.im/rrxVWY

Somalia – IF10155

Somalia has long been characterized as the classic failed state, plagued ... http://p.ost.im/rrSDtE

Cybersecurity – IF10159

Information and communications technology (ICT) has evolved greatly over ... http://p.ost.im/rhR4eP

Introduction to Financial Services: “Regulatory Relief” – IF10162

The 114th Congress is considering legislation to provide regulatory relie ... http://p.ost.im/rBWewN

Cybersecurity and Information Sharing – IF10163

This In Focus summarizes the issues related to sharing information about ... http://p.ost.im/rBfvgc

Educational Accountability and Reauthorization of the ESEA – IF10157

Federal policies aiming to improve the effectiveness of schools have hist ... http://p.ost.im/rkAKPx

The Rule of Law in Mexico and the Mérida Initiative – IF10160

Mexico, a top U.S. trade partner and political ally, has struggled to add ... http://p.ost.im/rhXsR9

A Snapshot of Student Loan Debt – IF10158

A growing reliance on federal student loans to finance increasingly costl ... http://p.ost.im/rhUPCk

Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress – RL32665

The Navys proposed FY2016 budget requests funding for the procurement of ... http://p.ost.im/rhCnWV

Status of the Federal Perkins Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions – R43959

The Federal Perkins Loan program authorizes the allocation of federal fun ... http://p.ost.im/rrnKDV

Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress – RL32109

The Navy has been procuring Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) class Aegis destroyers ... http://p.ost.im/rBkEgg

Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 114th Congress – R43964

This report examines human rights issues in the Peoples Republic of China ... http://p.ost.im/rrGJXT

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress – RL32418

The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered atta ... http://p.ost.im/rrsC5p

Transportation Security: Issues for the 114th Congress – RL33512

The nations air, land, and marine transportation systems are designed for ... http://p.ost.im/rrqEXW

Energy and Water Development: FY2016 Appropriations – R43966

The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for ... http://p.ost.im/rhJser

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress – RS20643

CVN-78, CVN-79, and CVN-80 are the first three ships in the Navys new Ger ... http://p.ost.im/rr6xaF

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress – RL33153

China is building a modern and regionally powerful Navy with a modest but ... http://p.ost.im/rry5AQ

The United Kingdom: Background and Relations with the United States – RL33105

Many U.S. officials and Members of Congress view the United Kingdom (UK) ... http://p.ost.im/rS8QwS

Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Commissions, Boards, and Groups – RL33313

Over the past several decades, Congress, by statute, has established a wi ... http://p.ost.im/rr6m6y

DOE’s Office of Science and the FY2016 Budget Request – R43963

The Department of Energys Office of Science conducts basic research in si ... http://p.ost.im/rk9Ya5

Social Security and Same-Sex Marriage: Frequently Asked Questions – R43961

In United States v. Windsor, the U.S. Supreme Court held that Section 3 o ... http://p.ost.im/rSx2fc

Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention – R43960

This report provides material on the latest crisis in Yemen and the U.S. ... http://p.ost.im/rhRDqG

Domestic Drones and Privacy: A Primer – R43965

It has been three years since Congress enacted the FAA Modernization and ... http://p.ost.im/rkRA6E

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy – RS21852

The UAE has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more tha ... http://p.ost.im/rhdFQ7

Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress – RL34391

The Coast Guards FY2013 budget initiated a new project for the design and ... http://p.ost.im/rh4gur

Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions, First Session of the 114th Congress – R43958

This report provides a list of selected health-related programs and activ ... http://p.ost.im/rhF8SB

China-U.S. Trade Issues – RL33536

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past three ... http://v.iew.im/rLGaLC

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses – RL32048

Since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, a priority of U.S. policy h ... http://v.iew.im/r2ULJD

The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape – RL32589

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal age ... http://v.iew.im/MvySxW

Mandatory Spending Since 1962 – RL33074

Federal spending is divided into three broad categories: discretionary sp ... http://v.iew.im/rYUAKS

Proposals to Reduce Premium Subsidies for Federal Crop Insurance – R43951

Many farm policymakers generally consider the federal crop insurance prog ... http://v.iew.im/MbtvJD

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and – RL33640

Even though the United States plans to reduce the number of warheads depl ... http://v.iew.im/M75Pq5

Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs – RL30478

Although the federal government has played a significant role in developi ... http://v.iew.im/rNT5yA

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): A Primer for the 114th Congress – RL33872

In the ongoing energy debate in Congress, one issue has been whether to a ... http://v.iew.im/rYF3pn

Research Tax Credit: Current Law and Policy Issues for the 114th Congress – RL31181

Technological innovation is a primary engine of long-term economic growth ... http://v.iew.im/rF6R6v

House Standing Committee Chairs and Ranking Minority Members: Rules Governing Selection Procedures – RS21165

House rules, Republican Conference rules, and Democratic Caucus rules eac ... http://v.iew.im/MgVmyC

Older Americans Act: Funding Formulas – RS22549

The Older Americans Act (OAA) is the major vehicle for the delivery of so ... http://v.iew.im/rFNFAG

Vulnerable Youth: Background and Policies – RL33975

The majority of young people in the United States grow up healthy and saf ... http://v.iew.im/MpGVeF

The Section 179 and Bonus Depreciation Expensing Allowances: Current Law and Issues for the 114th Congress – RL31852

Expensing is the most accelerated form of depreciation for tax purposes. ... http://v.iew.im/rNCxgf

Special Order Speeches: Current House Practices – RL30136

Special order speeches (commonly called special orders) usually take plac ... http://v.iew.im/rNbkMF

One-Minute Speeches: Current House Practices – RL30135

Recognition for one-minute speeches (commonly called one minutes) in the ... http://v.iew.im/Mv6mqj

Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress – RS22478

Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the ... http://v.iew.im/rLcTPe

Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress – RL34391

The Coast Guards FY2013 budget initiated a new project for the design and ... http://v.iew.im/rFu7Vs

International Drug Control Policy: Background and U.S. Responses – RL34543

The global illegal drug trade represents a multi-dimensional challenge th ... http://v.iew.im/r2FKve

Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? – RL32884

This report provides background on the emerging conflict over interpretat ... http://v.iew.im/rNYfUQ

ESEA Reauthorization Proposals in the 114th Congress: Selected Key Issues – R43916

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was last amended by the ... http://v.iew.im/M2rHym

Domestic Human Trafficking Legislation in the 114th Congress – R43917

Legislation aimed at combating trafficking in persons (TIP) is a top item ... http://v.iew.im/M22jQk

Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress – R43915

Though Congress has debated the significance of global climate change and ... http://v.iew.im/Mj2sC9

The President’s Immigration Accountability Executive Action of November 20, 2014: Overview and Issues – R43852

On November 20, 2014, President Obama announced his Immigration Accountab ... http://v.iew.im/MN9ArW

Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Issues – R43581

The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank), a w ... http://v.iew.im/MY6TQM

State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism-Legislative Parameters: In Brief – R43835

Cuba, Iran, Sudan, and Syria are identified by the U.S. government as cou ... http://v.iew.im/MYhrTe

Legislation to Facilitate Cybersecurity Information Sharing: Economic Analysis – R43821

Data breaches, such as those at Target, Home Depot, Neiman Marcus, JPMorg ... http://v.iew.im/MmYLsV

EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” – R43455

On March 25, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. ... http://v.iew.im/MNMPSR

The National Wild and Scenic Rivers System: A Brief Overview – R42614

The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-542, 16 U.S.C. 1271 et se ... http://v.iew.im/MAMLM2

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions – R43215

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as ame ... http://v.iew.im/MaU983

Ozone Air Quality Standards: EPA’s 2015 Revision – R43092

On November 26, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced ... http://v.iew.im/M2Bqp7

Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions – R43311

The United States has led the international community in imposing economi ... http://v.iew.im/MAuphU

The Army’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background and Issues for Congress – R43240

The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) is the Armys proposed replacemen ... http://v.iew.im/MSefPM

Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills – R40858

The major source of appropriated funds for each of the following federal ... http://v.iew.im/ManhA6

Legal Authorities Governing Federal Contracting and Subcontracting with Small Businesses – R42391

Congress has generally broad authority to impose requirements upon the fe ... http://v.iew.im/MjKkeH

Teacher Quality Issues in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act – R42127

One of the major goals of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1 ... http://v.iew.im/MFeePu

Small Business Management and Technical Assistance Training Programs – R41352

The Small Business Administration (SBA) has provided technical and manage ... http://v.iew.im/MFn76F

Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate – R40616

As congressional policy makers continue to debate telecommunications refo ... http://v.iew.im/MhsyP7

Social Security Administration (SSA): Budget Issues – R41716

The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers the Old-Age and Surv ... http://v.iew.im/MS9qUw

Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections – 98-684

This report provides the results of recent elections in Latin America and ... http://v.iew.im/Mhxpsq

Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit – R40611

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 200 ... http://v.iew.im/MN2sHM

Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy – 95-1013

An uprising against Bahrains Al Khalifa royal family that began on Februa ... http://v.iew.im/MFMNAX

Congressional Gold Medals, 1776-2014 – RL30076

Senators and Representatives are frequently asked to support or sponsor p ... http://v.iew.im/MNFWtW

Health Care for Dependents and Survivors of Veterans – RS22483

The Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Aff ... http://v.iew.im/MFQj7L

International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law – RL32528

This report provides an introduction to the roles that international law ... http://v.iew.im/Mr3G9E

Debarment and Suspension of Government Contractors: Legal Overview – RL34753

Debarment and suspension (collectively known as exclusion) are of perenni ... http://v.iew.im/MNv6qa

Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy – RL33460

A pro-reform, pro-Western government has emerged in Ukraine after the col ... http://v.iew.im/MNwTNU

Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy – RL31269

A refugee is a person fleeing his or her country because of persecution o ... http://v.iew.im/MMj65u

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): FY2015 Appropriations – R43709

Enacted on December 16, 2014, Title II of Division F of the Consolidated ... http://v.iew.im/MrfdER

Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program – R41184

The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers programs to support s ... http://v.iew.im/MYPcnM

Tax Deductions for Individuals: A Summary – R42872

Every tax filer has the option to claim deductions when filing their inco ... http://v.iew.im/MMBXV5

A New Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State: Issues and Current Proposals in Brief – R43760

In 2014, the armed offensive of the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL ... http://v.iew.im/M2RXr4

An Overview of the Housing Finance System in the United States – R42995

When making a decision about housing, a household must choose between ren ... http://v.iew.im/M2UjuK

U.S. Farm Income Outlook for 2015 – R40152

According to USDAs Economic Research Service (ERS), national net farm inc ... http://v.iew.im/MM2r2d

Child Welfare: An Overview of Federal Programs and Their Current Funding – R43458

Child welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of ch ... http://v.iew.im/MFA9QV

Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (“Tax Extenders”) – R43898

In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring t ... http://v.iew.im/MBgPBE

Overview and Issues for Implementation of the Federal Cloud Computing Initiative: Implications for Federal Information Technology Reform Management – R42887

Cloud computing is a new name for an old concept: the delivery of computi ... http://v.iew.im/MBG9Vc

Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides – R43900

Over the past few decades there has been heightened concern about the pli ... http://v.iew.im/Mju8SK

Is Biopower Carbon Neutral? – R41603

To promote energy diversity and improve energy security, Congress has exp ... http://v.iew.im/MNapxv

The U.S. Tsunami Program: A Brief Overview – R41686

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAAs) National Wea ... http://v.iew.im/MYhCvL

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents – R43317

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities challenge governments, businesses, and indi ... http://v.iew.im/MFdQLX

Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress – R42351

The Internet is often described as a network of networks because it is no ... http://v.iew.im/MM7VbM

Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations – R43509

This report tracks and describes actions taken by the Administration and ... http://v.iew.im/Mk3ynm

Guide to Individuals Seated on the Senate Dais – 98-397

The Senate meets in the Senate chamber of the Capitol. Seated at the head ... http://p.ost.im/Mdcap8

The Obama Administration’s Proposed AUMF against the Islamic State: Some Immediate Takeaways – NB2015021142

For several months, the United States has been engaged in offensive airst ... http://p.ost.im/6HUH8W

Proposed Sentencing Guideline Amendments – NB2015021141

On January 9, the United States Sentencing Commission issued, and sought ... http://p.ost.im/6up2Qr

Invoking Taft-Hartley in the West Coast Labor Dispute – NB2015021139

At recent meetings in San Francisco, U.S. Secretary of Labor Thomas Perez ... http://p.ost.im/6Cmw5v

Federal District Court Bars Implementation of the Obama Administration’s Latest Deferred Action Initiatives (Part 1): States’ Standing to Challenge the Initiatives – NB2015021137

On February 16, 2015, two days before the Obama Administration began acce ... http://p.ost.im/6XntCn

Key Court Challenges to EPA in 2015, Part Two: Clean Water Act – NB2015021140

An earlier Legal Sidebar post described significant Clean Air Act cases a ... http://p.ost.im/6Q27Ma

Federal District Court Bars Implementation of the Obama Administration’s Latest Deferred Action Initiatives (Part 2): Reviewability and Rulemaking under the APA – NB2015021138

As Part 1 of this Sidebar discussed, on February 16, 2015, a federal dist ... http://p.ost.im/6H8DUB

Overview of EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” – IF10125

In April 2014, the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and the Environmen ... http://p.ost.im/65nM5w

USCIS Funding and Accountability to Congress – IN10233

The President's executive actions of November 20, 2014, included, among o ... http://p.ost.im/69Whgc

EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases: Congressional Responses and Options – R41212

Both the Administration and Congress expect that regulation of greenhouse ... http://p.ost.im/6UvtsV

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview – R43908

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a laboratory o ... http://p.ost.im/6QB2Lr

Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions – RL30354

The Federal Reserve (the Fed) defines monetary policy as its actions to i ... http://p.ost.im/6Qt6Nb

The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of Programs and Funding – RL33931

The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) is an independe ... http://p.ost.im/6XkxnX

Traditional and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): A Primer – RL34397

In response to concerns over the adequacy of retirement savings, Congress ... http://p.ost.im/6QgKvY

Political Transition in Tunisia – RS21666

Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy since the Jasmine Revolution ... http://p.ost.im/6QTYpN

Missing Adults: Background, Federal Programs, and Issues for Congress – RL34616

Adults may go missing due to personal choice, an abduction, foul play, a ... http://p.ost.im/6uKxQL

The Community Health Center Fund: In Brief – R43911

The Health Center Program, which is administered by the Health Resources ... http://p.ost.im/6xTc5v

Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations – RL34170

This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations am ... http://p.ost.im/6xdFEn

Veterans’ Benefits: Pension Benefit Programs – RS22804

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers several pension benef ... http://p.ost.im/6PquQW

Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean – RL33200

Trafficking in persons (TIP) for the purpose of exploitation is a lucrati ... http://p.ost.im/6XxXAN

Legal Services Corporation: Background and Funding – RL34016

The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a private, nonprofit, federally f ... http://p.ost.im/6Pv9cn

Water Resource Issues in the 114th Congress – R43910

The 114th Congress faces many water resource development, management, and ... http://p.ost.im/6PnBNW

Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Background and Funding – RL32872

Community Services Block Grants (CSBG) provide federal funds to states, t ... http://p.ost.im/6XyMUV

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Program Overview and Issues – RS22037

In the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996, Congress author ... http://p.ost.im/6HFHsL

CHIP and the ACA Maintenance of Effort (MOE) Requirement: In Brief – R43909

State Childrens Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is a means-tested program ... http://p.ost.im/6QGRhW

How Legislation Is Brought to the House Floor: A Snapshot of Parliamentary Practice in the 113th Congress (2013-2014) – R43912

The House of Representatives has several different parliamentary procedur ... http://p.ost.im/6XNVJn

The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations – RL34074

This report covers current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also ... http://p.ost.im/6HDbUc

U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications – RL32934

During the 114th Congress, policy makers will likely maintain an interest ... http://p.ost.im/6DnXfR

The Section 179 and Bonus Depreciation Expensing Allowances: Current Law and Issues for the 114th Congress – RL31852

Expensing is the most accelerated form of depreciation for tax purposes. ... http://p.ost.im/6QJqta

The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States – RS22954

Although states have a great deal of autonomy in how they establish and r ... http://p.ost.im/6QJhvH

Public Trust and Law Enforcement-A Brief Discussion for Policy Makers – R43904

Recent events involving conflict between the police and citizens have gen ... http://p.ost.im/6aaPXE

Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2015 Appropriations – R43548

In FY2015, the Department of Housing and Urban Development was funded as ... http://p.ost.im/6Q7gfu

Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014 (H.R. 3230; P.L. 113-146) – R43704

On August 7, 2014, the President signed the Veterans Access, Choice, and ... http://p.ost.im/6CSxeN

The “Islamic State” Crisis and U.S. Policy – R43612

The Islamic State (IS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL ... http://p.ost.im/6CSAEK

FY2016 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability – R43475

Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containi ... http://p.ost.im/6awXQk

The Measles: Background and Federal Role in Vaccine Policy – R43899

The earliest accounts of measles date back over 1,000 years. This report ... http://p.ost.im/6QmXKH

Navy TAO(X) Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress – R43546

The TAO(X) oiler shipbuilding program is a program to build a new class o ... http://p.ost.im/6Ctgdy

Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations – R43888

In December 2014, President Obama announced major changes in U.S. policy ... http://p.ost.im/6CPJvA

EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” – R43455

On March 25, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. ... http://p.ost.im/69GWEY

Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides – R43900

Over the past few decades there has been heightened concern about the pli ... http://p.ost.im/6H34AQ

Unaccompanied Children from Central America: Foreign Policy Considerations – R43702

In FY2014, there was a sharp increase in the number of unaccompanied alie ... http://p.ost.im/69xVSB

Nigeria’s 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis – R43881

The Nigerian government has controversially decided to delay its planned ... http://p.ost.im/6XCPJ2

House Committee Reports: Required Contents – 98-169

House rules and statutes detail several substantive requirements for item ... http://p.ost.im/6QYKnd

Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process – 97-865

The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, as amen ... http://p.ost.im/6xmMss

Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act – R43289

Congress remains deeply divided over implementation of the Patient Protec ... http://p.ost.im/6mPH59

Peace Talks in Colombia – R42982

In August 2012, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos announced that the ... http://p.ost.im/6mJjTu

Older Americans Act (OAA): In Brief – R43414

Originally enacted in 1965, the Older Americans Act (OAA) supports a wide ... http://p.ost.im/69XPje

Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview – R41726

This report provides a graphical overview of historical trends in discret ... http://p.ost.im/6aPnxn

Small Business Administration HUBZone Program – R41268

The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to s ... http://p.ost.im/6P56Wq

Veterans’ Benefits: Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) for Survivors – R40757

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers directly, or in conju ... http://p.ost.im/6yJhkp

Evaluating the “Past Performance” of Federal Contractors: Legal Requirements and Issues – R41562

Poor performance under a federal contract can have immediate consequences ... http://p.ost.im/696aWj

Congressional Member Organizations: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation – R40683

This report examines the historical development and contemporary role of ... http://p.ost.im/6PQTMQ

Food Safety Issues for the 114th Congress – R42885

Congress passed comprehensive food safety legislation in December 2010 (F ... http://p.ost.im/69S7n6

Who is a “Veteran”?-Basic Eligibility for Veterans’ Benefits – R42324

A broad range of benefits are offered to veterans of the U.S. Armed Force ... http://p.ost.im/6QdFtC

Small Business Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program – R41146

Both the Administration and Congress expect that regulation of greenhouse ... http://p.ost.im/6f49hp

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues – R40957

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effor ... http://p.ost.im/69nTBm

Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic – R42507

This report provides references to analytical reports on cybersecurity fr ... http://p.ost.im/6CMpqc

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies – 98-446

This list of about 200 congressional liaison offices is intended to help ... http://p.ost.im/6yR8ky

Federal Sentences: Marijuana Accounts for One of Every Four Drug Convictions – NB2015021132

In spite of legalization efforts in some states and adjustments in federa ... http://p.ost.im/6H2EcT

Military Commission Conviction Rejected – NB2015021134

Former Guantanamo detainee Noor Uthman Muhammed had already served his se ... http://p.ost.im/6xMRvG

Municipal Broadband and Federal Preemption – NB2015021135

In January 2015, President Obama announced his support for greater deploy ... http://p.ost.im/6Hjkhe

Judicial Deference to EPA’s Final Greenhouse Gas Rule—Not a Foregone Conclusion – NB2015021133

Few things are more certain than that when EPA finalizes its proposed rul ... http://p.ost.im/6uBUxr

Supreme Court Will Not Hear Challenge to Fed’s Debit Card Swipe Fee Rule – NB2015021136

On January 20, 2015, the Supreme Court refused a petition to review a dec ... http://p.ost.im/6uchfW

U.S. Secret Service Protection – IF10130

The U.S. Secret Service (USSS) conducts two missions criminal investigati ... http://p.ost.im/6uvceC

Introduction to Financial Services: International Supervision – IF10129

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 and subsequent global economic turmoil ... http://p.ost.im/695CSj

U.S. Global Health Assistance: The FY2016 Budget – IF10131

The Presidents FY2016 budget request includes nearly $9.1 billion for glo ... http://p.ost.im/6untfY

The President’s FY2016 Military Construction Budget Request – IF10132

President Barack Obama submitted his FY2016 budget request to Congress in ... http://p.ost.im/6H6ND5

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) – IF10128

Many stakeholders recognize the Great Lakes ecosystem as an international ... http://p.ost.im/6uqFxx

California Drought: Water Supply and Conveyance Issues – IF10133

Approximately 93% of the state of California is experiencing severe droug ... http://p.ost.im/6HAH9N

The Swiss National Bank’s Recent Currency Actions – IN10230

In what has been characterized as one of the most significant currency de ... http://p.ost.im/6BVy83

International Tax Reform Proposals in the President’s FY2016 Budget Proposal – IN10228

On February 2, 2015, President Obama submitted his FY2016 budget to Congr ... http://p.ost.im/6BxU2g

Congress Faces Calls to Address Expiring ACA Funds for Primary Care – IN10185

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), enacted in March 2010, appropriated billio ... http://p.ost.im/6B6pRP

Protests in Hong Kong: New Groups, New Tactics – IN10232

The U.S.-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 states that the United States suppo ... http://p.ost.im/6ycWb3

FY2016 Budget Request: Increasing Support for Medical Research, Combatting Public Health Threats, and Expanding Access to Primary Health Care – IN10231

Funding increase requests in the President's FY2016 budget for the Public ... http://p.ost.im/6rxKMW

Spectrum Needs of Self-Driving Vehicles – IN10168

Baby you can drive my car (unless it drives itself). Among the technologi ... http://p.ost.im/6r7dnp

The 2015 National Security Strategy (NSS) – IN10229

On February 6, 2015, the Administration released its new National Securit ... http://p.ost.im/6yHDEw

Introduction to Financial Services: New Series of CRS Products and Seminars – IN10225

CRS has created a new series of written products and seminars providing a ... http://p.ost.im/6r9pS9

WIC and White Potatoes: Understanding Recent News from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) – IN10226

On February 3, the National Academies' Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued ... http://p.ost.im/6B22gA

The Precision Medicine Initiative – IN10227

On January 20, 2015, in his State of the Union address, President Barack ... http://p.ost.im/6hkhmB

Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The “Three-Day Rule”) – RS22015

House rules govern the length of time legislative measures must be availa ... http://p.ost.im/6Pssve

Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy – RS21513

Kuwait has been pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region ... http://p.ost.im/6h3e8g

The United States and Europe: Current Issues – RS22163

Due to extensive cooperation on a wide range of issues, the relationship ... http://p.ost.im/6ftQct

Medicare Trigger – RS22796

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 200 ... http://p.ost.im/65xYHG

Qualified Charitable Distributions from Individual Retirement Accounts: Features and Legislative History – RS22766

A provision of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-280) allows t ... http://p.ost.im/6B2cpk

Farm Credit System – RS21278

The Farm Credit System (FCS) was created to provide a permanent, reliable ... http://p.ost.im/6hjs3v

Nigeria’s 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis – R43881

On January 25, 2015, Secretary of State John Kerry traveled to Nigeria to ... http://p.ost.im/6r5AmP

A Guide to Describing the Income Distribution – R43897

The distribution of income in the United States features heavily in congr ... http://p.ost.im/6khvTK

Asset Forfeiture: Selected Legal Issues and Reforms – R43890

From its beginning in the First Congress, Congress has viewed asset forfe ... http://p.ost.im/6BpH5v

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2016 Budget Request Overview and Resources – R43896

This report provides a brief overview of the FY2016 budget request for th ... http://p.ost.im/6mfXCG

Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)/Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress – RL33741

The Navys Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)/Frigate program is a program to proc ... http://p.ost.im/6Ph5CA

Legislative Planning: Considerations for Congressional Staff – RS20991

The Congressional Research Service frequently receives inquiries about le ... http://p.ost.im/6yKu6h

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 112th Congress – R43893

The President makes appointments to positions within the federal governme ... http://p.ost.im/6BY7ju

Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (“Tax Extenders”) – R43898

In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring t ... http://p.ost.im/6Bb4Qh

Small Business Administration: A Primer on Programs and Funding – RL33243

The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of prog ... http://p.ost.im/6mPe8W

Public Safety Officers’ Benefits (PSOB) Program: In Brief – RL34413

The Public Safety Officers Benefits (PSOB) program provides three differe ... http://p.ost.im/6hRACe

China’s Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) – R43894

In November 2013, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC, or China) announced ... http://p.ost.im/6kcRva

U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Economic Implications – R43895

In response to Russias annexation of the Crimean region of Ukraine and on ... http://p.ost.im/6fgjQu

Funding for EPA Water Infrastructure: A Fact Sheet – R43871

Federal funding to assist communities with capital projects to meet the w ... http://p.ost.im/6M966s

Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends – R43892

The ability to remove foreign nationals (aliens) who violate U.S. immigra ... http://p.ost.im/6hKBNJ

Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: A Fact Sheet – R43439

This fact sheet provides data on the percentage of American workers who h ... http://p.ost.im/6fkMBU

U.S. Travel and Tourism: Industry Trends and Policy Issues for Congress – R43463

The U.S. travel and tourism industry accounted for 2.6% of gross domestic ... http://p.ost.im/6B5Lvy

Energy and Water Development: FY2015 Appropriations – R43567

The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for ... http://p.ost.im/6BJtrr

The Target and Other Financial Data Breaches: Frequently Asked Questions – R43496

In November and December of 2013, cybercriminals breached the data securi ... http://p.ost.im/6UPXXV

Recently Expired Charitable Tax Provisions (“Tax Extenders”): In Brief – R43517

The Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295) temporarily extend ... http://p.ost.im/6fqec3

How Social Security Benefits Are Computed: In Brief – R43542

With about $900 billion in benefit outlays projected to be made in 2015, ... http://p.ost.im/6yfkvj

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2015 – R43580

President Obamas budget request for FY2015 included $135.352 billion for ... http://p.ost.im/6y7AyG

Cybersecurity: Data, Statistics, and Glossaries – R43310

This report describes data and statistics from government, industry, and ... http://p.ost.im/65vC7k

Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorizations, Appropriations, and Activities – R41243

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers undertakes activities to maintain naviga ... http://p.ost.im/65px9W

Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic – R42507

This report provides references to analytical reports on cybersecurity fr ... http://p.ost.im/6PrXSd

International Climate Change Financing: The Green Climate Fund (GCF) – R41889

Over the past several decades, the United States has delivered financial ... http://p.ost.im/6DP2cQ

“Disadvantaged” Small Businesses: Definitions and Designations for Purposes of Federal and Federally Funded Contracting Programs – R40987

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs ... http://p.ost.im/65WS29

The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions – R42826

The federal government is the largest buyer of goods and services in the ... http://p.ost.im/6BsPpW

Spectrum Policy: Provisions in the 2012 Spectrum Act – R43256

The Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96, si ... http://p.ost.im/6AgQHM

Common Questions About Federal Records and Related Agency Requirements – R43072

Federal departments and agencies create federal records in the course of ... http://p.ost.im/6aBvKk

Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs – R43155

According to Census Bureau data, approximately 1% of small businesses in ... http://p.ost.im/6aLDbg

The Congressional Arts Caucus and the Congressional Art Competition: History and Current Practice – R42487

Sponsored by the Congressional Arts Caucus, and known in recent years as ... http://p.ost.im/6rT5bq

The Presidential Libraries Act and the Establishment of Presidential Libraries – R41513

The Presidential Libraries Act (P.L. 84-373; 69 Stat. 695), as originally ... http://p.ost.im/6Bh5my

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents – R43317

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities challenge governments, businesses, and indi ... http://p.ost.im/6B8pSY

Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation – R40985

Three primary categories of disadvantaged small businesses are currently ... http://p.ost.im/6fkTFE

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Primer – 95-118

The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a federal government a ... http://p.ost.im/6k687V

Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate – R40616

As congressional policy makers continue to debate telecommunications refo ... http://p.ost.im/6Brq4p

Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act – R43289

Congress remains deeply divided over implementation of the Patient Protec ... http://p.ost.im/6MDNY5

Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues – R40860

Small business size standards are of congressional interest because the s ... http://p.ost.im/6PsLvM

Iran: Interim Nuclear Agreement and Talks on a Comprehensive Accord – R43333

On November 24, 2013, Iran and the six powers that have negotiated with I ... http://p.ost.im/6kG2Np

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies – 98-446

This list of about 200 congressional liaison offices is intended to help ... http://p.ost.im/6SXfMD

Forest Service Appropriations: Five-Year Trends and FY2016 Budget Request – R43417

The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of ... http://p.ost.im/6f2wAd

Federal Spending on Programs Targeted Toward Low-Income People – IN10223

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) regularly receives requests abou ... http://p.ost.im/6SRyGH

U.S. Sanctions on Russia in Response to Events in Ukraine – IN10048

After pro-Western groups overthrew a pro-Russian government in Ukraine, R ... http://p.ost.im/6BcQpM

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Clean Water Act Penalty Developments – IN10217

On January 15, 2015, a judge in the federal district court for the Easter ... http://p.ost.im/6k9dMt

MetLife’s SIFI Designation Goes to Court – NB2015021130

On December 19, 2014, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) de ... http://p.ost.im/6rKRu9

President Obama’s FY2016 Budget: Discretionary Spending and the Budget Deficit – IN10219

The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) placed caps on discreti ... http://p.ost.im/6kc3Nf

U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: The Animal Welfare Act and Farm Animal Research – IN10224

On January 19, 2015, the New York Times (NYT) published an expos of resea ... http://p.ost.im/6SwMcs

Election in Greece: Outcome and Implications – IN10222

In parliamentary elections on January 25, Greece's far-left, anti-establi ... http://p.ost.im/6hNuCc

EPA’s Win-Loss Record for 2014 in Decisions of the Supreme Court and D.C. Circuit – NB2015021129

In recent years, EPA has borne a goodly number of accusations, from the r ... http://p.ost.im/6hb7PS

Suing the Government: Interpreting Filing Deadlines – NB2015021131

You may not sue the federal government in court unless Congress has waive ... http://p.ost.im/6k4uST

Comparing TRICARE to the Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program – IN10220

The final report of the Military Compensation and Retirement Modernizatio ... http://p.ost.im/6hC5Sm

Do Certain Applications of the Endangered Species Act Exceed Congress’ Commerce Power? A New Decision Goes Against the Judicial Trend – NB2015021128

Supreme Court decisions in 1995 and 2000 made clear that while Congress p ... http://p.ost.im/6rRwYY

“With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility:” Supreme Court Grants Cert in Spiderman case – NB2015021127

When should the Supreme Court overrule a 50-year-old precedent? The parti ... http://p.ost.im/6Byxaw

Information Warfare: Cyberattacks on Sony – IN10218

The Department of Defense defines Information Operations (IO) as the inte ... http://p.ost.im/6hrBaY

The Robot Did It: Spectrum Policy and the Internet of Things – IN10221

The Internet is often referred to as "the web," and that image of an intr ... http://p.ost.im/6MD9W8

Introduction to Financial Services: The Housing Finance System – IF10126

A loan that uses real estate as collateral is typically referred to as a ... http://p.ost.im/6kW5KJ

Global Health System Strengthening: Issues for Congress – IF10124

The ongoing West Africa Ebola outbreak has generated interest among some ... http://p.ost.im/6kYNHQ

Overview of EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” – IF10125

In April 2014, the Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) and the Environmen ... http://p.ost.im/6YfY46

Judiciary Budget Request, FY2016 – IF10123

The FY2016 judiciary budget request totals $7.53 billion, an increase of ... http://p.ost.im/6YXS7y

Options to Manage the Growth in the Disability Insurance Rolls – IF10053

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides benefits to nonelder ... http://p.ost.im/6reNPp

Bank Failures and the FDIC – IF10055

This In Focus introduces the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations (FDIC ... http://p.ost.im/6jFfu4

U.S.-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia – IN10129

The United States and the 28-member European Union (EU) have pursued simi ... http://p.ost.im/66r9eu

Dynamic Scoring – IN10215

H.R. 5, which provides rules for the House of Representatives, requires t ... http://p.ost.im/66UeNL

Withdrawal of the EPA-Army Corps Interpretive Rule for Agriculture – IN10212

The FY2015 omnibus appropriations act (P.L. 113-235) includes a policy pr ... http://p.ost.im/6rXFSn

Derivatives Provision in H.R. 26 and H.R. 37 Bars Regulators from Requiring Margin in Certain Swap Trades – IN10211

H.R. 26, which extended the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA), was enac ... http://p.ost.im/6rLNhV

National Park Service (NPS): FY2015 Appropriations – IF10122

The National Park Service (NPS) administers the National Park System, whi ... http://p.ost.im/6r3BW9

U.S. International Investment Agreements (IIAs) – IF10052

In recent decades, the United States, the largest source of and destinati ... http://p.ost.im/6jMncW

Tax Proposals in the 2015 State of the Union Address – IN10216

On January 20, 2015, in the State of the Union Address, President Obama o ... http://p.ost.im/66GSmA

Post-9/11 Evolution of the United States’ Defining of the Terrorist Threat from Al Qaeda – IN10214

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda-related entit ... http://p.ost.im/6rDmJx

U.S.-China Relations – IF10119

The U.S.-China relationship is currently one of the worlds most consequen ... http://p.ost.im/6h9kGg

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Compliance and Penalties – IF10121

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires that renewable fuel be blended ... http://p.ost.im/6LPjde

Mali: Transition from Conflict? – IF10116

With substantial international assistance, Mali began to emerge in 2013 f ... http://p.ost.im/6k6kF3

The Palestinians and the International Criminal Court: Potential Effects on U.S. Aid – IN10213

Actions by the Palestinians related to the International Criminal Court ( ... http://p.ost.im/6deTQL

Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) – IF10120

What is it? The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) is ... http://p.ost.im/6kwwTa

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues – RS20210

The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were authorized by Congres ... http://p.ost.im/685QC8

Major Disaster Assistance from the Disaster Relief Fund: State Profiles – R43883

The costs associated with providing assistance following a major disaster ... http://p.ost.im/66bqar

Health Policy: Resources for Congressional Staff – R43889

This report is intended to serve as a starting point for congressional st ... http://p.ost.im/6RR4JE

Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2015 Action in the 114th Congress – R43884

This report provides a brief outline of the FY2015 appropriations legisla ... http://p.ost.im/66uUxj

Iran Sanctions – RS20871

International sanctions on Irans key energy and financial sectors harmed ... http://p.ost.im/jE4x8a

Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations – R43888

In December 2014, President Obama announced major changes in U.S. policy ... http://p.ost.im/6YVLUE

Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits – RL33362

The federal-state Unemployment Compensation (UC) program provides income ... http://p.ost.im/6jXM2F

LIHEAP: Program and Funding – RL31865

The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), established in 19 ... http://p.ost.im/62htrj

U.S. Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy: Frequently Asked Questions – RL33944

Congress plays a major role in U.S. trade policy through its legislative ... http://p.ost.im/664UCh

House Committee Funding Requests and Authorizations, 104th-113th Congresses – RL32794

Pursuant to House Rule X, clause 6, the Committee on House Administration ... http://p.ost.im/6jg54h

Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods and the WTO Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling – RS22955

Most retail food stores are now required to inform consumers about the co ... http://p.ost.im/6rku3K

Points of Order Limiting the Contents of Reconciliation Legislation: In Brief – R43885

The budget resolution as established under the Congressional Budget Act o ... http://p.ost.im/6Yhc9Y

Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2015 – RS20792

This report shows in tabular form how much the Administration requested a ... http://p.ost.im/62N57m

Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 114th Congress – R43882

U.S. Interests and Policy Geographic proximity has ensured strong linkag ... http://p.ost.im/jEW26D

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses – RL32048

Since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, a priority of U.S. policy h ... http://p.ost.im/66cR3c

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights – RS21968

Since the 2011 U.S. military withdrawal from Iraq, sectarian and ethnic d ... http://p.ost.im/62uCVu

Same-Sex Marriage: A Legal Overview – R43886

Same-sex marriage has engendered heated debate throughout the country. Th ... http://p.ost.im/j344d2

Older Americans Act: FY2015 Appropriations Overview – R43887

The Older Americans Act (OAA) is the major federal vehicle for the delive ... http://p.ost.im/6RU5DM

Poverty in the United States: 2013 – RL33069

In 2013, 45.3 million people were counted as poor in the United States un ... http://p.ost.im/66DTkE

Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Commissions, Boards, and Groups – RL33313

Over the past several decades, Congress, by statute, has established a wi ... http://p.ost.im/jEemgS

Recent Developments in the Job Corps Program: Frequently Asked Questions – R43611

The Job Corps program is a job training and academic program for youth ag ... http://p.ost.im/6LE2CP

FHA Single-Family Mortgage Insurance: Recent Policy Changes and Proposed Legislation – R43531

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), an agency of the Department of ... http://p.ost.im/jEabX7

Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations – R43788

In contrast with the debate over the FY2014 defense budget, congressional ... http://p.ost.im/6NSVMF

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations – R43617

The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill inclu ... http://p.ost.im/6RgLnT

Child Welfare: An Overview of Federal Programs and Their Current Funding – R43458

Child welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of ch ... http://p.ost.im/jTA9Lf

Older Americans Act (OAA): In Brief – R43414

Originally enacted in 1965, the Older Americans Act (OAA) supports a wide ... http://p.ost.im/6JTDFD

Firearms at Army Corps Water Resource Projects: Proposed Legislation and Issues for Congress – R42602

As part of its civil works mission, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers mana ... http://p.ost.im/6dm9ER

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents – R43317

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities challenge governments, businesses, and indi ... http://p.ost.im/66uHYK

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support – R42509

Every President since Richard Nixon has sought to increase U.S. energy su ... http://p.ost.im/6jn5EU

Health Care for Veterans: Suicide Prevention – R42340

This report focuses on suicide prevention activities of the Veterans Heal ... http://p.ost.im/6YSr2t

Who Regulates Whom and How? An Overview of U.S. Financial Regulatory Policy for Banking and Securities Markets – R43087

Financial regulatory policies are of interest to Congress because firms, ... http://p.ost.im/6NM8hn

Bitcoin: Questions, Answers, and Analysis of Legal Issues – R43339

Bitcoin first appeared in January 2009, the creation of a computer progra ... http://p.ost.im/jKDyJN

Implementation of Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS): Issues for Congress – R43346

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) implements the Chemical Facilit ... http://p.ost.im/6876bm

Mexico’s Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States – R43313

The future of oil and natural gas production in Mexico is of importance f ... http://p.ost.im/6FLaLp

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Negotiations and Issues for Congress – R42694

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed regional free trade agr ... http://p.ost.im/6YNKeW

FHA Single-Family Mortgage Insurance: Financial Status of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (MMI Fund) – R42875

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures private lenders against ... http://p.ost.im/6d5BEY

Border Security: Immigration Inspections at Ports of Entry – R43356

About 362 million travelers (citizens and non-citizens) entered the Unite ... http://p.ost.im/6dcHyH

Aereo and FilmOn X: Internet Television Streaming and Copyright Law – R43359

Aereo and FilmOn X were created to stream television programming over the ... http://p.ost.im/62YBcH

Medical Loss Ratio Requirements Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Issues for Congress – R42735

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) r ... http://p.ost.im/6YNj6p

U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes – R42074

As estimates for the amount of U.S. natural gas resources have grown, so ... http://p.ost.im/68FqFA

Wartime Detention Provisions in Recent Defense Authorization Legislation – R42143

In recent years, Congress has included provisions in annual defense autho ... http://p.ost.im/6F6DvW

EPA’s Vessel General Permits: Background and Issues – R42142

In November 2011 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed two C ... http://p.ost.im/62wFXp

Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States: Overview and Issues for Congress – R41878

The trafficking of individuals within U.S borders is commonly referred to ... http://p.ost.im/6jam7V

House Office of Congressional Ethics: History, Authority, and Procedures – R40760

The House Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE) was established on March 1 ... http://p.ost.im/6MRpeW

Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation – R40985

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs ... http://p.ost.im/6YvwBH

Small Business Administration and Job Creation – R41523

The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several programs to s ... http://p.ost.im/6jVjFk

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues – R40957

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effor ... http://p.ost.im/6dsayE

Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations – R40076

Congressional advisory commissions are formal groups established to provi ... http://p.ost.im/6jELrp

Government Assistance for GMAC/Ally Financial: Unwinding the Government Stake – R41846

Ally Financial, formerly known as General Motors Acceptance Corporation o ... http://p.ost.im/6NHqa8

An Overview of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas: Resources and Federal Actions – R43148

The United States has seen resurgence in petroleum production, mainly dri ... http://p.ost.im/6ePCfm

Ozone Air Quality Standards: EPA’s 2015 Revision – R43092

On November 26, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced ... http://p.ost.im/jEfqNq

Insurance Regulation: Issues, Background, and Legislation in the 113th Congress – R43067

The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance since ... http://p.ost.im/6RmSVP

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions – R43215

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as ame ... http://p.ost.im/jKS656

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Reform: An Overview of Proposals to Manage the Growth in the SSDI Rolls – R43054

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides benefits to nonelder ... http://p.ost.im/j7S2LA

Cuba: U.S. Policy and Issues for the 113th Congress – R43024

On January 15, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published ... http://p.ost.im/jvB5rv

Water Quality Issues in the 113th Congress: An Overview – R42883

Much progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congres ... http://p.ost.im/j79n5u

Air Quality: EPA’s 2013 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard – R42934

On January 15, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published ... http://p.ost.im/jxf6Qs

Energy Policy: 114th Congress Issues – R42756

Energy policy in the United States has focused on three major goals: assu ... http://p.ost.im/jvQR4y

Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation – R42854

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several permanently ... http://p.ost.im/jagLsy

Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) and Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC): Background and Issues for Congress – R42723

On January 6, 2011, after spending approximately $3 billion in developmen ... http://p.ost.im/jtAcgV

Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress – R42567

The Coast Guards program of record (POR) calls for procuring 8 National S ... http://p.ost.im/jmFPfr

Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2015 – R41545

The average service tenure of Members of the Senate and House of Represen ... http://p.ost.im/j452Pt

Federal Land Management Agencies and Programs: CRS Experts – R42656

The following tables provide the names and contact information for CRS ex ... http://p.ost.im/jvUQVF

EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track? – R41561

Since Barack Obama was sworn in as President in 2009, the Environmental P ... http://p.ost.im/jbV23D

Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress – R42351

The Internet is often described as a network of networks because it is no ... http://p.ost.im/jqECQE

Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic – R42507

This report provides references to analytical reports on cybersecurity fr ... http://p.ost.im/jtj5fs

North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions – R41438

U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that cou ... http://p.ost.im/ju3mvt

Appropriations: CRS Experts – R42638

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that incl ... http://p.ost.im/jcSR5P

Biomass: Comparison of Definitions in Legislation – R40529

The use of biomass as an energy feedstock has regularly been presented as ... http://p.ost.im/jtkpyL

Contract Types: Legal Overview – R41168

Federal procurement contracts are commonly divided into two main typesfix ... http://p.ost.im/jb6fdW

Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies – 98-446

This list of about 200 congressional liaison offices is intended to help ... http://p.ost.im/jcx7jR

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues – R40957

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effor ... http://p.ost.im/jv2cCj

Wildfires: CRS Experts – R40884

The following table provides access to names and contact information for ... http://p.ost.im/jtG9dr

Federal Crop Insurance: Background – R40532

The federal crop insurance program began in 1938 when Congress authorized ... http://p.ost.im/j78pRE

Public Health and Emergency Preparedness: CRS Experts – R40904

The following table provides access to names and contact information for ... http://p.ost.im/jvtn2U

Reauthorizing the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 – R41303

Many counties are compensated for the tax-exempt status of federal lands. ... http://p.ost.im/jbXhtB

Internet Domain Names: Background and Policy Issues – 97-868

Navigating the Internet requires using addresses and corresponding names ... http://p.ost.im/jb2bC4

Overview of EPA’s Rule Regulating the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residues – IN10208

On December 19, 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rele ... http://p.ost.im/jpuNyV

Confusion Over “Likelihood of Confusion” Standards in Supreme Court Trademark Case – NB2014121104

Does a finding by the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board preclude a distric ... http://p.ost.im/ju9tBu

Former Senator Edward W. Brooke’s Low-Income Housing Policy Legacy – IN10210

One aspect of his housing policy legacy is eponymously and variously refe ... http://p.ost.im/j43rkw

Justice Department Releases New Guidance on Discriminatory Profiling – NB2015011106

Recently, several high-profile incidents involving the use of police forc ... http://p.ost.im/jVdR53

U.S. District Court Nominees Confirmed During the 113thCongress: Time from Nomination to Confirmation Prior to, and Following, the Reinterpretation of the Application of Senate Rule XXII – IN10207

The process by which U.S. circuit and district court judges are nominated ... http://p.ost.im/jWW4V4

The Low-Inflation Conundrum – IN10206

Inflation, defined as the rate of change in the overall prices of goods a ... http://p.ost.im/j7aWhg

Congress Faces Calls to Address Expiring ACA Funds for Primary Care – IN10185

The Affordable Care Act (ACA), enacted in March 2010, appropriated billio ... http://p.ost.im/jtJGD8

Supreme Court Considering Whether Alabama Legislative Redistricting Map is an Unconstitutional Racial Gerrymander – NB2014121103

Although each state has its own process for conducting redistricting, con ... http://p.ost.im/jndgeX

Standards for Display of Religious Symbols in VA Chapels – NB2015011109

Although news stories circulating last year have drawn attention to the d ... http://p.ost.im/jVJCSR

Congress Contemplates Extending Volcker Rule Conformance Period for CLO Investments – NB2015011105

On the second day of the 114th Congress, the House voted on a bill, H.R. ... http://p.ost.im/jpVxRv

SEC Issues New Credit Rating Agency Reform Rules – NB2015011108

On August 27, 2014, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by a 3-2 ... http://p.ost.im/jHMJWt

European Security, Islamist Terrorism, and Returning Fighters – IN10209

On January 7, 2015, gunmen killed at least 12 people during an attack on ... http://p.ost.im/ja2DK6